Gambia
Gambia, kirasmi Jamhuri ya Gambia, ni nchi ndogo kabisa ya Afrika bara. Eneo lake lote linazungukwa na Senegal kwa kufuata mwendo wa mto Gambia hadi Bahari ya Atlantiki.
Jamhuri ya Gambia | |
---|---|
Republic of The Gambia (Kiingereza) | |
Kaulimbiu ya taifa: Progress, Peace, and Prosperity (Kiingereza) "Maendeleo, Amani, na Usitawi" | |
Wimbo wa taifa: For The Gambia Our Homeland (Kiingereza) "Kwa Gambia, Nchi Yetu" | |
Mahali pa Gambia | |
Ramani ya Gambia | |
Mji mkuu | Banjul |
Mji mkubwa nchini | Serekunda |
Lugha rasmi | Kiingereza |
Makabila (asilimia)[1] | 34.4 Wamandinka 24.1 Wafulani 14.8 Wawolof 10.5 Wajola 8.2 Wasoninke 3.1 Waserer 1.9 Wamanjago 1.3 Wabambara 0.5 Waaku 1.5 wengine |
Dini (asilimia)[2] | 94.4 Waislamu 3.5 Wakristo 0.1 wengine |
Eneo | |
• Eneo la jumla | km2 11 300[3] |
Idadi ya watu | |
• Kadirio la 2023 | 2 468 569[3] |
Kimsingi nchi yote ni maeneo ya kandokando ya mto huo; urefu ni takriban km 500, upana kati ya 10 na 50.
Historia
haririZamani eneo la Gambia lilikuwa sehemu ya Dola la Mali na Dola la Songhai.
Nchi kama ilivyo leo imepatikana kutokana na mvutano kati ya Uingereza na Ufaransa wakati wa ukoloni.
Mwanzoni Uingereza ulitafuta tu njia ya maji kwa ajili ya biashara, bila kujali utawala wa nchi.
Mapatano kati ya Ufaransa na Uingereza baada ya vita vya Napoleon Bonaparte yaliimarisha hali hiyo. Wafaransa walichukua eneo lote kubwa la Senegal, na Waingereza ile kanda ndogo ndani ya Senegal.
Tangu uhuru wa nchi zote mbili palikuwa na mpango wa kuziunganisha kwa njia ya shirikisho lililoanzishwa mwaka 1982 lakini Gambia ilitoka katika mapatano hayo mwaka 1989.
Hadi mwaka 1994 Gambia ilifuata mfumo wa demokrasia ya vyama vingi lakini mwaka ule uasi wa wanajeshi ulipindua serikali na kuwa chanzo cha utawala wa Yahya Jammeh aliyekuwa kiongozi, kwanza kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya kijeshi, baadaye kama rais aliyechaguliwa mwaka 1996 na kuchaguliwa tena miaka 2001, 2006 na 2011. Isipokuwa mwaka 2001 wapinzani na watazamaji wa nje walilalamika ya kwamba kura hazikuwa huru.
Mwaka 2013 Jammeh alitoa Gambia katika Jumuiya ya Madola kama chombo cha ukoloni mamboleo.
Mwaka 2015 Jammeh alitangaza Gambia kuwa nchi ya Kiislamu.
Katika uchaguzi wa rais wa mwaka 2016 vyama vya upinzani viliungana, na mgombea wao Adama Barrow alishinda, ilhali Jammeh awali alikubali kushindwa, lakini baada ya siku nane alitangaza ya kwamba alitaka kubatilisha matokeo na kuwa na uchaguzi mpya.[4]
Wananchi walianza kukimbilia nchini Senegal.
Tarehe 19 Januari 2017, rais mteule aliapishwa katika ubalozi wa Gambia huko Dakar, halafu wanajeshi wa Senegal, Nigeria na Ghana walivamia nchi ili kumuondoa madarakani kwa idhini ya Umoja wa Mataifa.
Tarehe 21 Januari Jammeh alikubali kuachia. Mwandamizi wake amerudisha nchi katika Jumuiya ya Madola.
Wakazi
haririWakazi wa nchi ni hasa wa kabila la Wamandinka, halafu Wafulani na Wawolof, jumla milioni 1.9 hivi.
Lugha rasmi ni Kiarabu, si tena Kiingereza (kuanzia mwaka 2016).
Upande wa dini, Uislamu unafuatwa na 90% za wakazi, Ukristo (hasa Kanisa Katoliki) na 8%, wakati wafuasi wa dini asilia za Kiafrika ni 2%.
Uchumi
haririUchumi unategemea kilimo, uvuvi na hasa utalii. Mwaka 2008, thuluthi moja ya wananchi hawakuwa na kipato cha $ 1.25 kwa siku.
Tazama pia
haririTanbihi
hariri- ↑ National Population Commission Secretariat (30 Aprili 2005). "2013 Population and Housing Census: Spatial Distribution" (PDF). Gambia Bureau of Statistics. The Republic of The Gambia. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka (PDF) kutoka chanzo mnamo 3 Januari 2018. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Desemba 2017.
{{cite web}}
: More than one of|accessdate=
na|access-date=
specified (help); More than one of|archivedate=
na|archive-date=
specified (help); More than one of|archiveurl=
na|archive-url=
specified (help) - ↑ "The World Factbook: Gambia, The". CIA (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 7 Desemba 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Gambia". The World Factbook (kwa Kiingereza) (tol. la 2024). Shirika la Ujasusi la Marekani. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Machi 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gambia: troops deployed to streets as president rejects election defeat theguardian.com 10-12-2016, imeangaliwa 10-12-2016
Marejeo
hariri- Bennet, Lindsey and Voormeij, Lisa, The Gambia (Travellers), (Thomas Cook Publishing, 2009)
- Emms, Craig and Barnett, Linda, Gambia (Bradt Travel Guides), (Bradt Travel Guides, 2006)
- Hughes, Arnold, Historical Dictionary of the Gambia, (Scarecrow Press, 2008)
- Hughes, Arnold and Perfect, David, A Political History of The Gambia, 1816–1994, (University of Rochester Press, 2008)
- Gregg, Emma and Trillo, Richard, The Rough Guide to The Gambia, (Rough Guides, 2006)
- Kane, Katharina, Lonely Planet Guide: The Gambia and Senegal, (Lonely Planet Publications, 2009)
- Rice, Berkeley, Enter Gambia: The Birth of an Improbable Nation, (Houghton Mifflin. 1967)
- Sarr, Samsudeen, Coup D'etat by the Gambia National Army, (Xlibris, Corp., 2007)
- Sternfeldt, Ann-Britt, The Good Tourist in The Gambia: Travelguide for conscious tourists Translated from Swedish by Rolli Fölsch (Sexdrega,2000)
- Tomkinson, Michael, Michael Tomkinson's Gambia, (Michael Tomkinson Publishing, 2001)
- Various, Insight Guide: Gambia and Senegal, (APA Publications Pte Ltd., 2009)
- Wright, Donald R, The World and a Very Small Place in Africa: A History of Glogalization in Niumi, The Gambia (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004)
Viungo vya nje
hariri
- Serikali
- State House and Office of the President Archived 29 Desemba 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- Chief of State and Cabinet Members Archived 26 Oktoba 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- Taarifa za jumla
- Gambia Guide – Comprehensive information
- Gambia Now Archived 9 Oktoba 2011 at the Wayback Machine. – Daily News about the Gambia
- Gambia Daily news – Daily news from the Gambia through various media sources
- The Gambia – A comprehensive website about the Gambia
- The Gambia entry at The World Factbook
- The Gambia Archived 11 Juni 2010 at the Wayback Machine. from UCB Libraries GovPubs
- Gambia katika Open Directory Project
- The Gambia from the BBC News
- Wikimedia Atlas of The Gambia
- Key Development Forecasts for the Gambia from International Futures
- Afya
- The State of the World's Midwifery – Gambia Country Profile Archived 7 Desemba 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
- Utalii
- Birdwatching in the Gambia – Website about Birdwatching in the Gambia including photo galleries of Gambian birds
- Biashara
Nchi za Afrika | |
---|---|
Afrika ya Kati (Jamhuri ya) | Afrika Kusini | Algeria | Angola | Benin | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cabo Verde | Chad | Cote d'Ivoire | Eritrea | Eswatini | Ethiopia | Gabon | Gambia | Ghana | Guinea | Guinea Bisau | Guinea ya Ikweta | Jibuti | Kamerun | Kenya | Komori | Kongo (Jamhuri ya) | Kongo (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya) | Lesotho | Liberia | Libya | Madagaska | Malawi | Mali | Misri | Morisi (Visiwa vya) | Mauritania | Moroko | Msumbiji | Namibia | Niger | Nigeria | Rwanda | Sahara ya Magharibi | Sao Tome na Principe | Senegal | Shelisheli | Sierra Leone | Somalia | Sudan | Sudan Kusini | Tanzania | Togo | Tunisia | Uganda | Zambia | Zimbabwe | |
Maeneo ya Afrika ambayo ni sehemu za nchi nje ya Afrika | |
Hispania: Kanari · Ceuta · Melilla | Italia: Pantelleria · Pelagie | Ufaransa: Mayotte · Réunion | Uingereza: · St. Helena · Diego Garcia | Ureno: Madeira |
Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Afrika bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Gambia kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |